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Caribbean Rum: A Social and Economic History, by Prof. Frederick H. Smith

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"The most significant contribution to the history of Caribbean rum since John McCusker's Rum and the American Revolution. . . . It adds significantly to McCusker’s work by analyzing the Caribbean environment in greater depth and by bringing the story forward by two centuries."--Anthony P. Maingot, Florida International University

Christopher Columbus brought sugarcane to the New World on his second voyage. By 1520 commercial sugar production was underway in the Caribbean, along with the perfection of methods to ferment and distill alcohol from sugarcane to produce a new beverage that would have dramatic impact on the region. Caribbean Rum presents the fascinating cultural, economic, and ethnographic history of rum in the Caribbean from the colonial period to the present.
Drawing on data from historical archaeology and the economic history of the Caribbean, Frederick Smith explains why this industry arose in the islands, how attitudes toward alcohol consumption have impacted the people of the region, and how rum production evolved over 400 years from a small colonial activity to a multi-billion-dollar industry controlled by multinational corporations. He investigates the economic impact of Caribbean rum on many scales, including rum's contribution to sugarcane plantation revenues, its role in bolstering colonial and postcolonial economies, and its impact on Atlantic trade. Smith discusses the political and economic trends that determined the value of rum, especially war, competition from other alcohol industries, slavery and emancipation, temperance movements, and globalization.            
The book also examines the social and sacred uses of rum and identifies the forces that shaped alcohol use in the Caribbean. It shows how levels of drinking and drunken deportment reflected underlying social tensions, which were driven by the coercive exploitation of labor and set within a highly contentious hierarchy based on class, race, gender, religion, and ethnic identity, and how these tensions were magnified by epidemic disease, poor living conditions, natural disasters, international conflicts, and unstable food supplies.            

• Sales Rank: #3555084 in Books
• Brand: Brand: University Press of Florida
• Published on: 2006-01-03
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 9.25" h x .88" w x 6.13" l, 1.58 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 360 pages

Features

• Used Book in Good Condition

Review
"Anthropologist Smith adds knowledgeably to the growing body of commodity-based histories, using rum to elucidate . . . the history of the Caribbean." -- Foreign Affairs, January/February 2006

...Highly recommended... -- CHOICE

...covers the evolution of rum from a minor commodity...to its present status as one of the most important exports... -- The Chronicle of Higher Education

...widens...understanding of the role of alcohol in West Indian society...an important contribution to the economic history of the Caribbean. -- Business History Review

Intellectually rich and deliciously complex...shows [Smith's] undeniable talent as a researcher and story-teller... -- Journal of Latin American Geography

About the Author
Frederick H. Smith is assistant professor of anthropology at Western Michigan University and a contributor to Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia. 

Most helpful customer reviews

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
he loved it. It talks about the history of the ...
By Somebody
Bought it for my dad, he loved it. It talks about the history of the environment and economy surrounding the rum world, all things rum.

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Very interesting perspective
By george freegard
I enjoyed reading this historic overview of the rum history and social history of the Caribbean. It was useful for learning the terminology and background. Well written and referenced, I found it a great book for reading during my travels.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Excellent
By Joao Azevedo Fernandes
A work that epoch, when addressing a topic that is little appreciated by many historians, and offer a model for addressing the same theme in other regions and other alcoholic beverages

See all 6 customer reviews...

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[P232.Ebook] Download Ebook Rumi's Sun: The Teachings of Shams of TabrizFrom Threshold Books

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The spoken teachings of Rumi's teacher, Shams of Tabriz, selected and edited by Camille Helminski. TRanslated by Camille Helminski & Refik Algan.



Rumi's son wrote, "After meeting Shams, my father danced all day and sang all night. He had been a scholar; now he became a poet. He had been an ascetic, now he became drunk with Love." Shams of Tabriz was, indeed, Rumi's Sun, the one who caused him to radiate Divine Love. After almost 800 years the that light is spreading ore than ever to encompass the whole of the world.

"Here is the dazzling stillness that Rumi spun around and around in his longing. ~Peter Kingsley
"Look into the burning breast of Shams of Tabriz and you will see the Beloved looking back at you." ~Pir Zia Inayat-Khan

Good translation
By Berkeley Physics on March 13, 2013
Verified Purchase
I'm enjoying this translation of the Maqalat-e Shams Tabrizi a lot! I'm not the biggest fan of the way they artificially split up the discourse, but it does add some structure to the content.

How to develop more sincerity on the spiritual path.
By Amazon Customer on October 13, 2013
Verified Purchase
Would you not wish to come closer to Beloved God? Penetrating moments of clarity and love, written by Rumi's muse, The Sun of Trabriz.

Shams today
By Alice thomas on September 22, 2013
Verified Purchase
I love that Shams comes to us in XXIth century, speaking directly to anyone who is somehow involved with sufism.

• Sales Rank: #201255 in eBooks
• Published on: 2015-11-26
• Released on: 2015-11-26
• Format: Kindle eBook

Most helpful customer reviews

26 of 27 people found the following review helpful.
Sufism Debugged
By Joubin Houshyar
Shams does not mince words. He is also an excellent teacher of exegesis (in his own special way). If he doesn't manage to get under your skin and push off the mask, then it is not for you. My softcover copy has survived a close encounter with a hard surface. Pay special attention then to who is his Master, after you make up. And note that there is a program for your instruction, should you care to follow it. If you don't fall in love with Sham after reading this book, then it is not for you. (And if this review is too cryptic, then it is not for you.)

Here's an extended quote, an entry entitled 'Those who possess the Kernet' (which is followed by the entry "Ali and Muhammad').

Begin quote:

The universe of Truth is an infinitely wide expanse. According to some, it is extremely clear and simple. For some it is very difficult, while according to some it is very easy--yet because of this easiness the remain bewildered. Those who speak about such things, hesitate here.

In the Hadith it has been said, "The Qur'an has seven levels of meaning of both the outer (zahir), the inner (batin), and the inner of the inner." Of these meanings, the scholars know the outer meanings, the saints know the inner meanings, and the prophets know the hidden meanings with the inner meanings, the fourth "none knows but God." So, how can the children of Adam benefit from this? There are many secrets within the hadith as there are in the Qur'an. As God Most High has said, "His heart did not deny what he saw .."[53.11]

They also hesitate to speak about the meaning of the subtle point, "What no eye has seen and no ear has heard."

End quote. (Let that serve as his own meta-review of this book.)

This book is generously footnoted with highly informative content. A short introduction is followed by the main body of the text: a series of entries, ranging from short snippets to a few pages. It is clearly a labor of love, and a very valuable gift to the English reader. Many thanks to Refik Algan and Camille Adams Helsinki for their efforts. Highly recommended.

13 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
An agnostic loves it
By bumdhar
At one time I had what I thought was a passing interest in Sufism. I am an agnostic, but as such I think it is my duty to delve into and explore different faiths and spiritual traditions. (Saying you don't know doesn't mean you stop looking) This book made a "passing interest" into complete admiration for a spiritual tradition that is rich, witty, wild, exuberant, frustrating, insane, mystical, and Transcendent. I have heard Sufism called the zen Buddhism of the western tradition. I think that makes sense. But there is something about this book that speaks to me in a way that no other book has. I don't know why. But that's the way it goes.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
rare work with great benefit to reader -
By Amy Wilson
yes extraordinary work - if you're ready for real depth and purpose

See all 3 customer reviews...

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[D361.Ebook] PDF Ebook Volkswagen Rabbit, GTI (A5) Service Manual: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, by Bentley Publishers

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The Volkswagen Rabbit, GTI Service Manual: 2006-2009 is a comprehensive source of service information and specifications for Rabbit and GTI models built on the A5 platform from 2006 to 2009. Whether you're a professional or a do-it-yourself Volkswagen owner, this manual will help you understand, care for and repair your vehicle.

Though the do-it-yourself Volkswagen owner will find this manual indispensable as a source of the same detailed maintenance and repair information available at an authorized Volkswagen dealer, the Volkswagen owner who has no intention of working on his or her car will find that reading and owning this manual will make it possible to discuss repairs more intelligently with a professional technician.

Engines covered

• 2.0L turbo gasoline (engine code: BPY, CBFA, CCTA)
• 2.5L gasoline (engine code: BGP, BGQ, CBTA, CBUA)

Transmissions covered

• 0A4 5-speed manual
• 02Q 6-speed manual
• 09G 6-speed automatic
• 02E 6-speed DSG

New durable hardcover format - This manual is now being published as a durable, long-lasting hardcover book designed to withstand frequent use in a professional shop or home garage. All of the content of the previous softcover edition is included.

Technical features:

• Covers Rabbit and GTI models 2006 2009 based on the A5 platform.
• Maintenance procedures: from oil changes to belt replacement.
• Engine and cylinder head service, including timing belt replacement for 4-cylinder engines.
• Removal and installation of Motronic fuel injection system components.
• Emission control tests, repairs and adjustments, including: Exhaust Gas Recirculation and Secondary Air Injection system.
• Drivetrain maintenance, troubleshooting, adjustment and repair, including clutch, gearshift linkage, and drive axles.
• Suspension component replacement, including ball joints, front struts, rear shocks and coil springs.
• Heating and air conditioning repair, including A/C component replacement on the Climatronic and Climatic systems.
• Body adjustment and repairs, including front and rear doors, fenders, front radiator support and sunroof.
• Wiring schematics with fuse/relay locations and easy-to-use illustrated component locator section. Includes R32 wiring diagrams.
• Volkswagen OBD II diagnostic trouble codes, SAE-defined OBD II P-codes, as well as basic scan tool operation.
• Comprehensive Volkswagen factory tolerances, wear limits, adjustments, and tightening torques.

• Sales Rank: #992934 in Books
• Brand: Brand: Bentley Publishers
• Published on: 2010-10-01
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 11.20" h x 2.20" w x 8.70" l, 5.65 pounds
• Binding: Hardcover
• 978 pages

Features

• Used Book in Good Condition

Most helpful customer reviews

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
There is a difference between service & repair manual
By Rude McNasty
This is a "service" manual not a repair manual.
If you would like to find out the difference go to the
manufactures website that explains the difference.

[...]

I have taken the liberty to copy and paste explanation below:

What is the difference between a Repair Manual and a Service Manual?
Bentley Publishers publish two types of repair manuals:

*Official Factory Repair Manuals
*Service Manuals
Bentley Publishers Service Manuals are authored by our own team of automotive editors at Bentley's automotive research center. Starting with a clean sheet of paper and the official factory service, repair, and training information, our automotive editors set out to create a condensed authoritative service manual aimed at both the do-it-yourself owner and professional technician. Service manuals often include additional troubleshooting tips, routine maintenance hints, and model-specific repair information not found in the Official Factory Repair Manual.

The Official Factory Repair Manuals contain repair information that the dealer-trained service technicians use everyday. The information is developed by the manufacturer primarily for the professionally trained technician. The Official Factory Repair Manuals usually contain more information than the service manuals and assume a high level of automotive experience and skill. Occasionally, reference will be made to special tools and other information uniquely known by the authorized dealership service centers. These manuals are intended for the professional technician or an advanced do-it-yourself owner.

These same descriptions also apply to our Volkswagen and Audi CD-ROMs/DVDs, all of which are Official Factory Repair Manuals.

2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Bentley manuals are very useful
By Vulcan
If you plan on owning your VW for many years (I have one that I bought in 1992) and you aren't afraid of touching your car, then you should have a Bentley manual for your VW. It basically tells you how the car can be disassembled and reassembled so that you can perform repairs and replace broken parts. Even if the work is beyond your capabilities, it helps you diagnose problems and informs you of what needs to be done. Bentley manuals are a worthwhile investment.

I bought this book because I buy one for all my VWs and it was highly discounted on Amazon. These manuals were critical before the Internet. Now you can go to vwvortex, and after much searching, find information similar to this manual (sometimes with lots of good photos). I generally check both.

Even though my car is relatively new (6 years old), there have been two instances where I needed this manual and was happy I had it on hand. This manual is nicer than previous Bentleys. It uses high quality paper, better printing, and even includes beautiful color diagrams (the Jetta Sportwagen manual is hardcover).

Update: I gave this book a four star rating instead of five because starting with the mkV generation (2006+) VWs have been transformed from mechanical devices to computers with mechanical parts. This increased complexity has reduced the utility of the Bentley manual even though it is better than Bentleys for earlier VW models. But it definitely still worth buying.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Money Well Spent
By Brian H
Prior to purchasing this manual, and before beginning any car maintenance or repair, I would scour the web for a reliable how-to. Many times, this method proved time consuming and confusing.The time and frustration saved by having an accurate, easy to read and understand reference made for money well-spent. If you plan on doing ANY maintenance, I highly recommend you have this manual at your side.

See all 21 customer reviews...

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What is artificial intelligence? At its essence, it is another way of answering a central question that has been debated by scientists, philosophers, and theologians for thousands of years: How does the human brain - three pounds of ordinary matter - give rise to thought? With this question in mind, inventor and visionary computer scientist Raymond Kurzweil probes the past, present, and future of artificial intelligence, from its earliest philosophical and mathematical roots through today's moving frontier, to tantalizing glimpses of 21st-century machines with superior intelligence and truly prodigious speed and memory. Lavishly illustrated and easily accessible to the nonspecialist, The Age of Intelligent Machines provides the background needed for a full understanding of the enormous scientific potential represented by intelligent machines and of their equally profound philosophic, economic, and social implications. It examines the history of efforts to understand human intelligence and to emulate it by building devices that seem to act with human capabilities. Running alongside Kurzweil's historical and scientific narrative, are 23 articles examining contemporary issues in artificial intelligence by such luminaries as Daniel Dennett, Sherry Turkle, Douglas Hofstadter, Marvin Minsky, Seymour Papert, Edward Feigenbaum, Allen Newell, and George Gilder. Raymond Kurzweil is the founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Kurzweil Applied Intelligence, Kurzweil Music Systems, and the Kurzweil Reading Machines division of Xerox. He was the principal developer of the first print-to-speech reading machine for the blind and other significant advances in artificial intelligencetechnology.

• Sales Rank: #461027 in Books
• Published on: 1990-10-03
• Original language: English
• Number of items: 1
• Dimensions: 3.39" h x 1.69" w x .43" l,
• Binding: Hardcover
• 580 pages

From Publishers Weekly
In a work the Association of American Publishers named the Most Outstanding Computer Science Book of 1990, Kurzweil and 23 other contributors explore the history and potential of artificial intelligence. Illustrated.
Copyright 1992 Reed Business Information, Inc.

About the Author
Raymond Kurzweil is the principal developer of the world's first print-to-speech reading machine for the blind; the first electronic keyboard that accurately recreates the sounds of the grand piano and other orchestral instruments; and the first large-vocabulary voice-activated word processor. His latest book is The Age of Spiritual Machines (Viking/Penguin).

Most helpful customer reviews

15 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
Begin your study of artificial intelligence here
By alien-technology
If this book doesn't have you sitting on the edge of your seat in anticipation of the next paragraph, then you probably have no interest whatsoever in logic, mathematics, physics, computer technology, and artificial intelligence.

For me, it was breathtaking. There were times when I had to take a rest after each paragraph just to fully assimilate the ramifications of what Kurzweil was describing.

Higher intellects may be able to absorb this subject matter with less amazement. However, I enjoyed the ride.

Ray Kurzweil takes the time to explain in explicit detail where we have been and where we might be going in the area of artificial intelligence.

He is not only an inventor and a researcher, but he is also a teacher. A teacher is not satisfied until the student understands the material.

Some may say that this book is dated, but any introductory college AI course will cover the topics described in this book from the 1940's, 50's, 60's, 70's, and 80's.

This book changed my life. I have continued my personal study of artificial intelligence after being inspired by this book.

15 of 18 people found the following review helpful.
An incredible book
By Dr. Lee D. Carlson
I read this book only recently, having read the author's two most recent books "The Age of Spiritual Machines" and his book "Kurzweil vs The Critics of Strong AI". Both are excellent books, and reflect the author's extreme optimism about the future of artificial intelligence. He is definitely one of the best apologists for AI, and documents well its living history. Reading this book after the recent ones gives an interesting comparison between what was real in AI then and what is real now. Indeed, the AI landscape has changed dramatically, and there were a few companies specializing in AI in business at the time of publication of this book, that are not around any longer. But for every company that has failed, there have been many more to take their place. Their character as companies has changed, due in part to the rise of the Internet. In fact, it is network engineering that has resulted in many of the applications of AI in the last 5 years, and those applications of course are not mentioned in this book, due to its date of publication.
The author begins the book with a discussion of what he calls "The Second Industrial Revolution", which, he claims, is now in progress, and is based on the rise of thinking machines. These machines will extend and leverage human mental abilities, he says, challenging the human uniqueness in this regard. He expresses caution over the idea of making our military defenses controlled by intelligent machines, at the same time expressing his confidence that machine intelligence will indeed be sophisticated enough for this to happen. This revolution is here he says, will be more radical than the first one, but cannot be stopped, and he encourages therefore the constructive use of its technology. Thus is the author's motivation to write this book: to give the reader an overview of what was possible in AI at the time, and encourage the benevolent use of it.
The author not only discusses the technology of AI, but also attempts to give the reader insight into just what AI is. This entails a discussion of philosophy, since philosophical debate dominated AI in its early years. Such debates are still common, but due to the frequent vituperation involved in them (which the author recognizes and mentions in the book), not much is to be gained from these. Time is better spent on actually trying to build thinking machines, and not engaging in conversations that lead nowhere. Since this book appeared, many philosophers have left their "arm chairs" and have joined in the practical research in artificial intelligence. This trend will no doubt continue in this century, thus giving rise to the "industrial philosopher".
A fairly detailed history of the field of artificial intelligence is given in the book, with several articles written by some of the more recognized individuals in the field. All of these are interesting reading, and shed light on the different attitudes and prejudices regarding AI. For readers who are new to AI, this will be welcomed, as well as the many discussions on the mathematical foundations of AI and its intersection with cognitive science.
The author refrains from including any mathematical notation or equations in the book, and this has its advantages and disadvantages. It allows a more general readership but sacrifices some of the clarity of thought that mathematics allows. The author does give a good discussion of pattern recognition though, especially edge detection. His discussion on this topic is interesting in that it brings up his demarcation between "logical" and "parallel" thinking. Logical thinking is referred to as "sequential" and "conscious", with a resulting limitation in computational ability. It is to be distinguished from parallel thinking which can process multiple levels of abstraction, and can occur without conscious direction. Pattern recognition is in his view an example of the latter, and he justifies this view in the book in some detail. More evidence for his view from laboratory experiments is needed however. Pattern recognition algorithms and technologies have exhibited considerable advance since this book was published.
There have been many advances in AI since the time of publication, due in large measure to the rise of the Internet. Most of these advances have been breathtaking, such as in computer chess, games with imperfect information, Bayesian networks, financial engineering, network intelligence, literary creativity, automatic theorem proving, to name just a few. The author discusses his projections for the future of AI in the book, and it is interesting to compare them with what really came about within the decade later. There is no doubt that more exciting developments are on the way, and the optimism expressed by the author in all of his writings is also characteristic of all who are responsible for these developments. The machines, getting more intelligent with every decade that passes in the 21st century, will bear the signature of these individuals: a tell-tale sign and proof of the genius of the human species.

3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
The Age of Intelligent Machines
By Richard Hammervold
This is an awesome book. This was required reading for a Business Class reflecting a future perspective. It can be a little scary as machines become sentient and must take care of mankind as we become their pets. It uses facts from the past to project this potential future state for mankind.

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